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Interview with Samuel William Searles
Samuel William Searles
VHP 057
In his November 1, 2005 interview with Ebony Williams, Samuel William Searles recalls being drafted for the army during WWII. Searles explains his job during war and how he and fellow soldiers celebrated the end of the war. Searles also shares his memories of more of the harrowing experiences of war: segregation, death, and the mental effects of war. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with James Barnes - OH 708
James Barnes and Emmett Scott High School
OH 708
This interview was conducted by Dr. George garrison with James Barnes for Dr. Garrison’s project on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, South Carolina schools. Mr. Barnes was born in Great falls, SC, but moved to Rock Hill when he was five years old. He attended Emmett Scott from the age of six until the fifth grade when his family moved to York, SC. The family returned to Rock Hill a few years later and Mr. Barnes attended Emmett Scott from the ninth grade until he graduated. In this interview, he discusses his family history that includes his great grandfather who was a slave, his experiences and recollections while attending Emmett Scott High School, his military career and fighting in World War II, and his experiences and recollections of the black community in Rock Hill, SC.
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Interview with Charles Frederick Brooks
Charles Frederick Brooks
VHP 010
In his February 26, 2004 interview with Jessie Lewis, Charles Frederick Brooks reminisces of his time in service during WWII and his life after the war in Rock Hill, SC. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Herbert Chisholm
Herbert Chisholm
VHP 003
In his March 6, 2004 interview with Erin Robinson, Herbert Chisholm recollects stories of his time in the Army in Africa and Europe during WWII. Chisholm recalls life as a black soldier and living conditions for all soldiers. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Paul Van Buren Hatten
Paul Van Buren Hatten
VHP 001
In his January 19, 2004 interview with Lee Q. Miller, Paul Van Buren Hatten explains how he entered the service during WWII and became a ball gunner for the Air Force. Hatten recalls basic training, his first mission, and the times he was “concerned” for his safety. Hatten provides detail about his crew members and how their confidence and expertise made him feel safe. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Carl Russell Long - OH 697
Carl Russell Long, Emmett Scott High School, and Negro Baseball League
OH 697
This interview is by Dr. George Garrison with Carl Long for his Emmett Scott High School project. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African Americans in the Rock Hill South Carolina School District. It was named for Emmett Scott, a former aid to Brooker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school was opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 with the integration of the school district. Carl Long is a Rock Hill native and Emmett Scott alumnus that grew up in the Boyd Hill area. Mr. Long went on to play professional baseball in the Negro Leagues during the 1950s. He played alongside such legends as Willie Mays, Satchel Paige, Charlie Pride, Hank Aaron, and Buck O’Neal. After baseball Mr. Long became the first black Deputy Sheriff in Lenoir County, North Carolina and the first detective for the City of Kinston. He also was the first black Trailways bus driver in eastern North Carolina. In his interview Mr. Long discusses his baseball career and experiences at length. He also details his experiences growing up in Rock Hill and attending Emmett Scott. Dr. Garrison also interviews Clayton Strong, Sam Allen, Leroy Miller, and Edith Major while at an event hosted by Carl Long. Mr. Allen and Mr. Miller are also former Negro League Baseball players and discuss their career and experiences as part of that league. Mr. Strong and Ms. Major are part of an organization that is trying to bring a Negro League Museum to Birmingham, Alabama. Mr. Strong also was a bat boy for the Birmingham Black Barons, the team for which Carl Long, Sam Allen and Leroy Miller played.
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Interview with William Franklin Mitchell
William Franklin Mitchell
VHP 011
In his February 24, 2004 interview with Georgia Williamson, William Franklin Mitchell describes life as a volunteer chaplain for the army during WWII. Specifically, Mitchell shares the reason why he joined the service and what his duties were in war. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with David Moore - OH 698
David Moore, George Fish High School, and Emmett Scott High School
OH 698
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with David Moore for the Emmett Scott High School project. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African Americans named for Emmett Scott a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. Emmett Scott High School was opened in 1920 and closed in 1950 with the integration of Rock Hill, South Carolina’s public school district. David Moore was a teacher at George Fish High School which was the segregated school for African Americans from 1925-1968 in Fort Mill, SC. Mr. Moore worked at George Fish beginning in 1959. Fort Mill is about ten miles from Rock Hill in York County, SC. Mr. Moore details his experience at George Fish and the differences between Emmett Scott and George Fish.
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Interview with Ethel Hughes Muhvich
Ethel Hughes Muhvich
VHP 037
In her November 11, 2004 interview with Lauren Weldishofer, Ethel Hughes Muhvich recalls her time in service during WWII. Muhvich describes why she enlisted, what her assignment was, and why her generation was the greatest. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Willie Adams - OH 692
Willie Adams, Emmett Scott High School, and Rock Hill Integration
OH 692
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Willie Adams. with a focus on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Mr. Adams attended Emmett Scott High School in ninth and tenth grade until the school was closed in 1970. He then attended and graduated from Rock Hill High School. Mr. Adams discusses his experiences and recollections attending Emmett Scott and then his experiences attending a newly integrated Rock Hill High School.
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Interview with Lewis Calvin "L.C." Barber - OH 693
Lewis Calvin Barber, Emmett Scott High School, and Rock Hill Integration
OH 693
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Lewis Calvin (L.C.) Barber with a focus on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Mr. L. C. Barber attended Emmett Scott High School from 1936 through 1942 when he graduated. He was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II having served in the 92nd Infantry (Buffalo) Division. He earned his Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education from Johnson C. Smith University in 1954 and Master of Education in Elementary Education from South Carolina State University in 1970. He was teacher and principal in several schools in South Carolina and his educational career spanned more than 40 years. In this interview, he discusses many of his experiences attending Emmett Scott High School, growing up in Rock Hill, serving in WWII, his educational career as a teacher and principal primarily in Rock Hill, the process of desegregating schools in the area, and the Civil Rights movement in general.
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Interview with Freddie Barnes - OH 696
Freddie Barnes
OH 696
This interview with Freddie Barnes was conducted by Dr. George Garrison for his History of Emmett Scott High School project. Emmett Scott High School was the segregated high school for African Americans in the Rock Hill South Carolina School District. It was named for Emmett Scott a former aid to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 following the integration of the school system. Mr. Barnes is a member of the Rattlercats, students who started their education at Emmett Scott but moved with the integration to Rock Hill High School. These students still identified with Emmett Scott and attempted to have the alma mater, mascot, and the school colors altered to include tributes to Emmett Scott. To accomplish this the students walked out of school and marched down to the site of the closed Emmett Scott. Mr. Barnes discusses his involvement in the school walk-out and the experiences he had during integration. He details the struggle many students felt to remember the now closed school as well as fit in to their new school. Mr. Barnes’ class of 1970 is the first class to not attend Emmett Scott High School their freshman year.
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Interview with Jacky Bayne
Jacky Crawford Bayne
Bayne, Jacky, 2003
In his October 27, 2003 interview with Kelly Mitchell, Jacky Bayne describes his experience overseas in the Vietnam War. He shares the stories of when he was wounded in Vietnam, his near death experiences associated with that, and his journey back to the United States. Bayne also explains how he met his wife and his recovery from his wounds. He concludes with what he did after the war and some of his special memories from his service. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with David Boone - OH 677
David Boone and Civil Rights
OH 677
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Brother David Boone for his Emmett Scott High School history project. Emmett Scott High School was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in the Rock Hill School District. Brother David was born in Kentucky but considers Rock Hill his home after moving and joining The Oratory, a Catholic society in Rock Hill. Brother David discusses his decision to relocate to Rock Hill as well as his joining of the Brotherhood and motivations behind those decisions. He details his participation in and support of the Civil Rights movement in Rock Hill during the 1960s. Brother David was highly supportive of the bus boycott by raising funds for private transportation and the sit-ins in downtown Rock Hill. He discusses the January sit-in by the Friendship Nine, as well as the student walk-outs that followed. Brother David was not arrested for his participation because he was white. He persisted in the integration efforts for the City of Rock Hill’s softball and basketball leagues. He also served as Treasurer of the NAACP’s local chapter. Brother David also discusses his work with St. Mary’s Catholic Church and the surrounding community. St. Anne’s Parochial School was established and became the first integrated school in South Carolina. During this work he founded and served as director for St. Mary’s Bannon Hall which provides community outreach programs such as the Dorothy Day Soup Kitchen and serves as a community center. Brother David describes his “working with and being accepted by the people of Crawford Road, the heart of the African-American community”, as one of his greatest joys.
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Interview with Gladys Boulware - OH 679
Gladys Boulware
OH 679
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Gladys Boulware with a focus on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Gladys Boulware is a South Carolina native and taught at Emmett Scott High School from 1949 through 1970 and then at Castle Hieghts after integration. She discusses her recollections of the Civil Rights Movement in Rock Hill, SC including the integration of schools and the Friendship Nine. She also discusses her childhood and later living in the Rock Hill area and her husband who was the first black principal of Belleview.
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Interview with Willie and Barbara Boulware - OH 676
Willie Boulware, Barbara Boulware, and Emmett Scott High School
OH 676
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Willie and Barbara Boulware for his History of Emmett Scott High School project. Emmett Scott High School was the segregated high school for African Americans which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aid to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school was opened in 1920 and then closed in 1970 with the integration of Rock Hill South Carolina’s school district. Mr. and Mrs. Boulware attended Emmett Scott High School and discuss their experiences growing up in Rock Hill and their education. They detail the influence and impact Emmett Scott had on their education and the community in general. They discuss their experience as adults working in the Rock Hill education system, and their experiences with integration.
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Interview with Booker T. Brown - OH 689
Booker T. Brown and Emmett Scott High School
OH 689
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Booker T. Brown with a focus on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Mr. Booker T. Brown (1930-2007) was born and raised in Rock Hill, SC and was the Director of Chorus at Emmett Scott High School. He also taught at several other schools in the area as well. In this interview Mr. Brown discusses his experiences working at Emmett Scott, his childhood growing up in Rock Hill, his service in the United States Army, and the Civil Rights movement.
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Interview with Howard Chisolm - OH 710
Howard Chisolm and Emmett Scott High School
OH 710
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Howard Chisolm for Dr. Garrison’s project on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. In this interview, Mr. Chisolm was a 1957 graduate of Emmett Scott High School. He attended Cherry Grove Elementary and West End Elementary before going to Emmett Scott. In this interview Mr. Chisolm discusses growing up in the area and discusses his experiences and recollections while attending Emmett Scott.
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Interview with J. C. Glen - OH 688
J. C. Glen and Emmett Scott High School
OH 688
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with J.C. Glen for his History of Emmett Scott High School project. Emmett Scott was the segregated African Americans in Rock Hill South Carolina. It was named for Emmett Scott the former aid to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. Emmett Scott was opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 with integration in the school district. J.C. Glen is a Rock Hill native and alumnus of Emmett Scott. In this interview Mr. Glen discusses his experiences growing up in Rock Hill during segregation and his educational experiences. He details the impact Emmett Scott had on the black community and Rock Hill in general. Mr. Glen also discusses sports in the local area. He was very involved in baseball during his time at Emmett Scott and after. Mr. Glen details his experiences as a baseball player both locally and in semi-pro leagues. He discusses other local athletes and their accomplishments as well.
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Interview with Victor C. Hemphill
Victor C. Hemphill
VHP 018
In his October 20, 2003 interview with Shamona McClary, Victor Hemphill shares his experiences in the South Pacific during WWII and his life after service. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Phyllis Thompson Hyatt and Elsie White Springs - OH 666
Phyllis Thompson Hyatt, Elsie White Springs, Emmett Scott High School, Civil Rights, and Friendship College
OH 666
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Phyllis Thompson Hyatt and Elise White Springs. The focus of the interview is Emmett Scott High School in Rock Hill, SC. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school was opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Phyllis Thompson Hyatt and Elise White Springs were both Emmett Scott High School graduates, attended Friendship College in Rock Hill, and participated in the Sit-in movement in Rock Hill in the 1960s. They both discuss their experiences at Emmett Scott, Friendship College, as well as growing up in Rock Hill, SC. They also discuss the civil rights movement in Rock Hill, SC and the movement as a whole.
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Interview with Emily Richardson Ivory - OH 663
Emily Richardson Ivory, Emmett Scott High School, Civil Rights, and Cecil Augustus Ivory Sr.
OH 663
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Emily Richardson Ivory (1925-2008). Mrs. Ivory was a native of Charlotte, North Carolina and a longtime elementary school teacher in the Carolinas. After moving to California, Mrs. Ivory retired in 1991 from the Los Angeles Unified School District with 38 years of service. Mrs. Ivory was a member of numerous civic and social organizations and was the widow of Reverend Cecil Augustus Ivory (1921-1961), a prominent civil rights leader and minister at Hermon Presbyterian Church in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Mrs. Ivory discusses her and her husband’s upbringing and life before arriving to Rock Hill in 1948. She recalls Rev. Ivory’s involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, especially the Rock Hill bus boycott and sit-in movement. She also discusses Emmett Scott High School (1920-1970), Rock Hill’s segregated school for African Americans named after the prominent educator and close aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson, Emmett. J. Scott (1873-1957). Interviewer, Dr. Garrison, was childhood friends with Cecil A. Ivory, Jr. and both attended Emmett Scott. A Rosenwald school, Emmett Scott transitioned to a junior high and high school in 1956. In 1970, following the formal integration of S.C. public schools, the school closed its doors. Today it serves as a community center.
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Interview with Emily Richardson Ivory - OH 664
Emily Richardson Ivory, Emmett Scott High School, Civil Rights, and Cecil Augustus Ivory Sr.
OH 664
Dr. George Garrison interviews Emily Richardson Ivory (d.2008). Mrs. Ivory was a native of Charlotte, North Carolina and was an elementary school teacher in North and South Carolina. After moving to California, Mrs. Ivory retired in 1991 from the Los Angeles Unified School district with 38 years of service. Mrs. Ivory was a member of numerous civic and social organizations and was the widow of Reverend Cecil A. Ivory (1921-1961). Reverend Ivory was the minister at Hermon Presbyterian Church in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Mrs. Ivory discusses her and her husband’s involvement in the Civil Rights movement. Specifically Mrs. Ivory details Reverend Ivory’s work with the bus boycott and sit-ins that occurred in Rock Hill during the movement. Mrs. Ivory also discusses her life and experiences after Reverend Ivory’s death and her lasting connection to the Rock Hill community and the Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott High school was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Interviewer Dr. Garrison was childhood friends with Cecil A Ivory Jr. while both attended Emmett Scott High School. Mrs. Ivory and Dr. Garrison discuss the impact her family had on the local community.
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Interview with Horace Jones - OH 680
Horace Jones and Emmett Scott High School
OH 680
This interview was conducted by Dr. George Garrison with Horace Jones with a focus on the History of Emmett Scott High School. Emmett Scott was the segregated high school for African-Americans, which was named after Emmett Scott, a former aide to Booker T. Washington and President Woodrow Wilson. The school opened in 1920 and was closed in 1970 when full integration was implemented in Rock Hill, SC schools. Mr. Horace Jones is a 1965 graduate of Emmett Scott High School and lived behind Emmett Scott and attended the school.