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Interview with Leonard Hewell "Kip" Carter
Leonard Hewell Carter
In his February 10, 2012 interview with Robert Ryals, Leonard Hewell “Kip” Carter details growing up in the South during segregation and the Civil Rights Movement, as well as his life as political aide/campaign treasurer to Newt Gingrich. Included are details of his college education at UNC-Chapel Hill – classes, professor, and the Red Scare. Carter shares the history of his friendship and working relationship with Newt Gingrich, the scandals Gingrich faced, and the ultimate end of their relationship. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Jim Fouratt
Jim Fouratt
In his February 28, 1993 interview with Ron Chepesiuk, Jim Fouratt discussed his involvement with the Gay Liberation Front and the anti-war movement. Fourrat is an actor and has been since before he was a gay rights activist. Fourrat explained his role as a leader in the Gay Liberation Front, a non-violent activist group. He also covered the topics of “outing”, hippies, the New Left, the Black Panther Party, J. Edgar Hoover, Stonewall, homophobia, blacklisting in Hollywood, self-empowerment, the AIDS epidemic, and non-violence versus violence. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
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Interview with Harold T. Blackman
Harold T. Blackman
In his interview with Michael Cooke, Harold T. Blackman (1915-1988) discusses his involvement with the Progressive Democratic Party. Mr. Blackman details the beginnings of the Progressive Democratic Party and the early work to bring more people from the black community into the political arena in South Carolina during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. He also discusses the Palmetto Voters Association and their involvement and cooperation with the Progressive Democratic Party.
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Interview with William M. Bowman Sr.
William M. Bowman Sr.
In his interview with Michael Cooke, Rev. William M. Bowman Sr. (1914-2000) discusses his involvement in the Progressive Democratic Party and the Palmetto Voter’s Association. Mr. Bowman details the impact these organizations had on the black community in the efforts to increase participation in the political process. In the interview, he discusses how these organizations started and the work they did in an attempt to achieve full participation of the black community. In the 1960s, Rev. Bowman helped organize sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in downtown Columbia and worked to educate local African Americans how to use their right to vote.
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Interview with Lucretia Cayruth
Lucretia Cayruth
In her interview with Michael Cooke, Lucretia Cayruth discusses her experiences growing up in South Carolina and her involvement with the Progressive Democratic Party. Mrs. Cayruth details her education, and experiences that lead her to become involved with the Progressive Democratic Party as well as the efforts to enable the black community to register to vote in South Carolina. Mrs. Cayruth discusses her interactions with John McCray and her role in the Progressive Democratic Party in Columbia South Carolina.
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Interview with Arthur John Howaes Clement Jr.
Arthur John Howard Clement Jr.
In his interview with Michael Cooke, Arthur John Howard Clement Jr. (1908-1986) discusses his life and work in Charleston, South Carolina. Mr. Clement details his experiences growing up in the South and what lead him to become active in political issues. He relates his involvement with the South Carolina Progressive Democratic Party whose purpose was to provide African Americans a more active voice in state and national elections. He also discusses his role in and work with the NAACP. He even served as President of the Charleston Branch of the NAACP. In 1950, Clement opposed incumbent Rep. L. Mendel Rivers in South Carolina’s First Congressional District, becoming the first African American in South Carolina to run for Congress as a Democrat. Mr. Clement also discusses his experience with the Avery Institute and how that helped shape his political ideology.
*many online sources incorrectly state that Arthur J. H. Clement, Jr. died in 1985, however he passed away on September 23, 1986
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Interview with John S. Coleman
John S. Coleman
IN PROCESSING
This interview includes a brief biographical sketch about John S. Coleman. Topics include the Waring Decision, which did away with the literacy test that was administered at the voting polls, the Progressive Democratic Party and Democratic methods for registering voters.
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Interview with James A. Hodge
James A. Hodge
In his interview with Michael Cooke, James A Hodge discusses his life and experiences in rural South Carolina. He also details his time with and memories of the Progressive Democratic Party, integration, African American voter registration and various politicians from Mullins, South Carolina. Mr. Hodge discusses the influence he witnessed within the black community especially in regards to the voter registration efforts.
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Interview with Jonas Thomas Kennedy
Jonas Thomas Kennedy
In his interview with Michael Cooke, Jonas T. Kennedy discusses his experience with the Progressive Democratic Party in South Carolina. Mr. Kennedy details the process and difficulties black people would face in registering and voting during the 1940s and 1950s. Mr. Kennedy also discusses the difficulties and expectations involved with the attempted buying of votes for certain candidates.
Dr. Jonas Thomas Kennedy (1917-2014) was a farmer and philanthropist from Bennettsville, SC. His parents and his two sisters both graduated from Claflin College, a historically black university in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Dr. Kennedy attended Claflin College before transferring to South Carolina State College to study Agriculture from which he graduated. He managed his 1200 acre farm and was a very successful farmer, even being named the 1977 Framer of the Year. Dr. Kennedy maintained a strong relationship with Claflin College and served as a trustee from 1969 to 1983. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree in 1975 from Claflin and inducted into the University Hall of Fame in 1993. He also made major donations to Africa University in Zimbabwe which was sponsored by the South Carolina United Methodist Conference. The University has buildings named in his honor. He served his community in several capacities and was the president of the Marlboro County NAACP for eleven years from 1947 to 1958.
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Interview with John H. McCray
John Henry McCray
IN PROCESSING
John H. McCray was instrumental in forming the Progressive Democratic Party which was the African American party of choice throughout the South including many counties in South Carolina. This interview also discusses Jim Crow Laws and African American voter registration. A newspaper called the Black National Farmer's Paper which was founded by John McCray is also discussed. This newspaper was an early voice for civil rights.
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Interview with Reverend T. J. Moore
T. J. Moore
In his interview with Michael Cooke, Reverend T.J. Moore discusses his participation in the Progressive Democratic Party and their efforts during the Civil Rights Movement. Mr. Moore details his experiences growing up and living in Marion South Carolina. He discusses the impact the Progressive Democratic Party had on the area around Marion as well as the State of South Carolina in improving the lives of the black community. He also discusses the Warring Decision which did away with the Literacy Test in South Carolina, African American voter registration, and Jim Crow Laws.
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Interview with Mary Agnes Morgan
Mary Agnes Morgan
In her interview with Michael Cooke, Mary Agnes Morgan discusses growing up in South Carolina, her education, and her experience with the Progressive Democratic Party. Mrs. Morgan details the impact the Progressive Democratic Party had on the local black community of Mullins, South Carolina. She also discusses how private education was established in the South for African Americans, the rise of African American politics in the South and race equality.
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Interview with Mazie Owens
Mazie Owens
In her interview with Michael Cooke, Mazie Owens discusses her experience and efforts to encourage the black community to register to vote in South Carolina. Mrs. Owens details her involvement in the efforts to assist people with the process of voter registration and the obstacles that black people faced with the Jim Crow laws, as well as the Progressive Democratic Party and the Democratic Party.
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Interview with Fred D. Phillips
Fred D. Phillips
IN PROCESSING
Fred Phillips gives an overview of his life experiences including his involvement with the Progressive Democratic Party and voter registration.
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Interview with Elizabeth Ellis Taylor
Elizabeth Ellis Taylor
The subject of the interview is Mrs. Mary Gordon Ellis (1890-1934), the first female senator in the South Carolina General Assembly from Jasper County, 1928-1932, and county Superintendent of Education from 1924-1928. She was involved in controversial issues such as school consolidation, hiring of African American supervisors, buses for both races, equal textbooks, and required in-service training for teachers.
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Interview with Herbert Fielding
Herbert Ulysses Gaillard Fielding
Herbert Ulysses Gaillard Fielding (1923-2015) was a Charleston, SC native. He served in the United States Army during World War II and received a Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia College in 1948. Mr. Fielding was very involved n the Civil Rights Movement and became the first African American to be elected to the South Carolina State Legislature since Reconstruction in 1970. He was later a South Carolina State Senator from 1985 until he retired in 1992. Mr. Fielding was also a member of the South Carolina Legislative Black Caucus serving as Chairman beginning in 1990.
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